孔子和儒家学派 CONFUCIUS AND CONFUCIANISM-IOTA

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孔子和儒家学派 CONFUCIUS AND CONFUCIANISM

阅读量：3809249 2019-10-26

孔子和儒家学派
CONFUCIUS AND CONFUCIANISM

孔子 CONFUCIUS

您对于孔子和儒家学派了解多少? 孔子和儒家学派对中国社会及东亚文化影响巨大。很多中国早期的哲学家都接受他的一些观点。作为儒家学派的创始人、中国教师的先驱者和中国古代最伟大的圣贤, 孔子对于中国社会具有深远影响。
How much do you know about Confucius and Confucianism? Confucius and Confucianism had tremendous influence on Chinese society and even the culture of East Asia. Many other early Chinese philosophers accepted some of his statements. As the founder of Confucianism, the first of all Chinese teachers and the greatest ancient Chinese sage, Confucius had a profound influence on Chinese society.

孔子 CONFUCIUS

孔子 CONFUCIUS
孔子, 即孔丘, 字仲尼, 生于公元前551年9月28日, 卒于公元前479年4月11日。他是春秋时期著名的思想家和教育家。根据文献记载, 孔子早年生活穷困。他共有三千名弟子, 其中包括著名的七十二贤人。孔子认为培养人才的重点是德育, 目标是培育儒雅的君子。他认为每个学生都有其天赋, 各有所需。
Confucius, also known as Kong Qiu, whose courtesy name was Zhong Ni, was born on 28 September, 551 BC and died on 11 April, 479 BC. He was a reputable philosopher and educator during the Spring and Autumn Period. According to some documentation, Confucius endured a poverty-stricken youth. He had 3,000 disciples and there were remarkable 72 sages among them. Confucius considered moral education as the emphasis on the cultivation of talents and his goal was to create gentlemen with grace. He recognized that every student has his own talents and needs.
孔子认为"仁"是最重要的核心价值观之一, 简单来说就是个"人"字。它常被认为衍生于"人道", 在两人及两人以上的互动中得以体现。孔子教导人们如何在社会上履行自己的职责。在他看来, 主要有君臣、夫妻、父子、兄弟和朋友这些重要的社会关系。在每组关系里面, 彼此间有各自对应的职责。孔子认为分辨如何跟他人交往的能力很重要。一个人应该跟别人有情感上的共鸣。其哲学见解颇有教育意义。
Confucius considered ''benevolence'' as one of the most important core values, which simply indicates ''human''. It is often explained that "humaneness" derives from and is manifest in the interactions between two or more people. Confucius taught how one could fulfill one's role in society. In his opinion, there were some key relationships between ruler and subject, husband and wife, father and son, elder and younger brothers, and friend to friend. Each group had corresponding obligations to one another. Confucius proposed that the ability to identify with other people was important. One should give a coherent sense of the emotional identification with others. Philosophical insights from Confucius were quite educational.
孔子并未留下任何著作。他的生平活动和言行语录被弟子收录在儒家经典《论语》里面, 书中明确阐述了中国人的很多基本价值观。《论语》在汉代成为儒家经典。
Confucius did not leave behind a book or anything. His life story and conversations were mostly recorded by his disciples in The Analects, a Confucian classics, in which many basic values of Chinese people are clearly stated. People agreed that The Analects became the Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty.

儒家学派 CONFUCIANISM
儒家学派, 也被称为"孔教", 有一套完整的社会、政治、道德和宗教思想体系。它起源于孔子的学说, 在很长的一段时间里是中国社会的主流思想体系。在封建社会, "三纲五常"的儒家思想在协调人际关系方面起着积极的作用, 是巩固封建统治的基石。广为流传的儒家思想被历朝历代选定为官方思想。"四书五经"被认为是儒家学派的经典著作。
Confucianism, also known as “Teaching of Confucius”, has its own system of social, political, moral and religious thought. It originated from the teachings of Confucius and became a major system of thought in Chinese society for a long time. The idea of the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues played an active role in coordinating the relationships in the feudal society, which was considered as the foundation of consolidating the power of feudal regime. The widespread Confucianism was chosen as the official state ideology in every successive dynasty. "Four Books and Five Classics" are considered to be the Confucian Classics.
子贡问曰: "有一言而可以终身行之者乎?"
子曰: "其恕乎! 己所不欲, 勿施于人。"
——《论语》
Zi Gong asked, "Is there a single saying that we can put into action throughout our lives?"
Confucius said, "Perhaps putting oneself in the other's place. What you don't wish for yourself, don't do to other people."
—THE ANALECTS